Fatty acids can play a key role in hibernation. Hibernation is more than sleeping during the long and cold winter season. It’s time to coll...
Fatty acids can play a key role in hibernation. Hibernation is more than sleeping during the long and cold winter season. It’s time to collect food and conserve energy for up to 6 months. For most mammals, it is a state of dormancy or inactivity where energy conservation is the priority to survive the harsh winter conditions. But the process of converting fats into energy is more complex than it seems. These animals that hibernate consume foods high in fat and then use these complex components, turning them into simple carbon-based chains through the beta-oxidation cycle. Fatty acids are lipids, complex hydrocarboxylic chains, generally composed of 16 to 18 carbons. These lipids are classified as chains based on saturated or unsaturated carbon. Examples of saturated fatty acids are palmitic acid, stearic acid and lauric acid. These types of saturated components are found in salmon and tuna. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids, which contain double bonds, are palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Foods such as corn oil, sunflower oil and soybeans are some examples of these types of components. In the oxidation cycle of saturated fatty acids, these complex components are labeled with the energy energy ATP (adenosine triphosphate) that is transported from the cytosol to the mitochondria in the cell. In the mitochondrial phospholipid-rich membrane, the now called fatty acylcoa A or fatty acyl coenzyme A participates in the beta-oxidation process. The carbon-based fatty acid chains are broken down into simpler fatty acyl-CoA, reduced by 2 carbons, and an acetyl-coA. The decomposition of these molecules in the beta-oxidation cycle is considered a very energy-rich process. In this exergonic pathway, three energy molecules are produced: NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), FADH2 (reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide) and acetyl-coA. Within the 4-step reaction pathway, specific enzymes catalyze these biochemical reactions. These functional enzymes are dehydrogenase, hydratase and thiolase.
Once this process is in full motion, bears in particular are able to withstand severe cold temperatures in burrows or caves for long periods of time. As the temperature reaches freezing conditions, the metabolic pathways in bears can withstand drastic changes in temperatures. In particular, your heart rate and metabolic changes are reduced below normal rates. While in hibernation, bears do not eat or waste passes. Body wastes are reused within the metabolic pathways of bears. It is still unclear how this biological phenomenon occurs in bears. In order for bears to suffer abrupt changes in temperature, hibernation is an important part of survival. The breakdown of fatty acid has helped in the hibernation process.
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